A new take on IL-33 and immunoregulation

Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) function as a non-canonical source of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 33 (IL-33) to control T regulatory cells (Treg). IL-33 is produced by the CD103 DC, and the pore-forming protein Perforin 2 delivers IL-33 to the cytoplasm and then to Treg cells. This results in the proliferative expansion of Treg which helps to suppress inflammation and autoimmune diseases.